Semester Overview
Analog Communication
Definition: Analog Communication deals with transmission of continuous signals using modulation techniques, noise analysis, and receiver design for reliable information transfer.
Unit 1: Amplitude Modulation
- Principles of Amplitude Modulation Systems.
- DSB, SSB and VSB modulations.
- Spectral characteristics.
Unit 2: Angle Modulation
- Representation of FM and PM signals.
- Spectral characteristics of angle modulated signals.
Unit 3: Noise in Analog Systems
- Gaussian and white noise characteristics.
- Noise in amplitude and frequency modulation systems.
- Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis, Threshold effect.
Unit 4: Receivers
- Superheterodyne receiver.
- Demodulation techniques.
- SNR calculations.
- Comparison of modulation schemes.
Circuit Analysis
Definition: Circuit Analysis involves techniques for analyzing electrical networks using theorems, transient response, and frequency domain methods.
Module 1: Network Theorems
- Superposition, Thevenin, Norton.
- Maximum power transfer, Reciprocity.
Module 2: Transient Analysis
- RL, RC, RLC circuits.
- Initial conditions, step response.
Module 3: Sinusoidal Steady State
- Phasors, impedance.
- Power calculations.
Module 4: Resonance
- Series and parallel resonance.
- Bandwidth, Q-factor.
Module 5: Two-Port Networks
- Z, Y, ABCD parameters.
- Network functions.
Module 6: Graph Theory
- Tie-set, cut-set.
- Network equations.
Constitution
Definition: Constitution covers the framework of the Indian Constitution, fundamental rights, duties, and structure of governance.
Module 1: Historical Background
- Making of the Constitution.
- Preamble and features.
Module 2: Fundamental Rights
- Equality, freedom, exploitation.
- Religion, education.
Module 3: Directive Principles & Duties
- State policy directives.
- Fundamental duties.
Module 4: Government Structure
- Union executive, legislature.
- State government.
Module 5: Judiciary
- Supreme Court, High Courts.
- Independence of judiciary.
Module 6: Amendments
- Procedure.
- Emergency provisions.
Digital Electronics & Computer Organization
Definition: Digital Electronics & Computer Organization introduces digital logic design, combinational/sequential circuits, and basic CPU architecture.
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Digital Techniques
- Digital signal, logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR.
- Boolean algebra.
- Binary codes: BCD, Excess-3, Gray, Error detection and correction codes.
Unit 2: Combinational Design Using Gates
- Design using gates.
- Karnaugh map and Quine Mcluskey methods of simplification.
Unit 3: Combinational Design Using MSI Devices
- Multiplexers and Demultiplexers and their use as logic elements.
- Decoders, Adders / Subtractors, BCD arithmetic circuits.
- Encoders, Decoders / Drivers for display devices.
Unit 4: Sequential Circuits
- Flip-Flop conversions, sequence generators.
- Counters and design of Synchronous and Asynchronous sequential circuits.
Unit 5: Computer Organization Basics
- Instruction set architecture, addressing modes.
- Operations in instruction set.
Unit 6: CPU Architecture
- Basic non-pipelined CPU Architecture.
Mathematics - III
Definition: Mathematics - III provides tools like transforms, partial differential equations, and probability for engineering problem-solving.
- Properties, inverse.
- Applications to differential equations.
- Fourier series.
- Fourier transforms.
Module 3: Partial Differential Equations
- Wave, heat equations.
- Separation of variables.
Module 4: Complex Variables
- Analytic functions.
- Contour integration.
Module 5: Probability & Statistics
- Distributions.
- Hypothesis testing.
Module 6: Numerical Techniques
- Interpolation, integration.
- ODE solutions.
Semiconductor Devices
Definition: Semiconductor Devices explores physics, characteristics, and fabrication of diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.
Unit 1: Semiconductor Physics
- Review of Quantum Mechanics, Electrons in periodic Lattices, E-k diagrams.
- Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon.
- Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, sheet resistance, design of resistors.
Unit 2: P-N Junction
- Generation and recombination of carriers.
- Poisson and continuity equation.
- P-N junction characteristics, I-V characteristics, small signal switching models.
- Avalanche breakdown, Zener diode, Schottky diode.
Unit 3: Transistors & Optoelectronics
- Bipolar Junction Transistor, I-V characteristics, Ebers-Moll Model.
- MOS capacitor, C-V characteristics.
- MOSFET, I-V characteristics, small signal models.
- LED, photodiode and solar cell.
Unit 4: Fabrication
- Integrated circuit fabrication process: oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation.
- Photolithography, etching, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering.
- Twin-tub CMOS process.