Semester Overview

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Analog Electronic Circuits

Definition: Analog Electronic Circuits introduces semiconductor devices and their use in designing amplifiers, oscillators, and other analog signal processing circuits.

Module 1: Diode Circuits

• P-N junction diode, I-V characteristics.
• Half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.
• Zener diodes, clipping and clamping circuits.

Module 2: BJT Circuits

• BJT structure and I-V characteristics.
• BJT as switch and amplifier, small-signal model.
• Biasing circuits, current mirror.
• Common-emitter, common-base, common-collector amplifiers.
• High-frequency equivalent circuits.

Module 3: MOSFET Circuits

• MOSFET structure and I-V characteristics.
• MOSFET as switch and amplifier, small-signal model.
• Biasing circuits.
• Common-source, common-gate, common-drain amplifiers.
• Gain, impedances, transconductance, high-frequency model.

Module 4: Operational Amplifiers

• Differential amplifier.
• Internal structure of op-amp, ideal and non-ideal characteristics.
• Offset voltage, bias current, slew rate, gain bandwidth product.

Module 5: Linear Op-Amp Applications

• Inverting/non-inverting amplifiers, instrumentation amplifier.
• Integrator, differentiator, active filters.
• Oscillators (Wein bridge, phase shift).

Module 6: Nonlinear Op-Amp Applications

• Comparators, precision rectifier.
• Waveform generators, peak detector.

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Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations

Definition: Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations covers multivariable calculus, multiple integrals, vector calculus, and methods for solving differential equations.

Module 1: Multivariable Calculus

• Partial derivatives, chain rule.
• Maxima/minima, Lagrange multipliers.

Module 2: Multiple Integrals

• Double and triple integrals.
• Change of variables, applications.

Module 3: Vector Calculus

• Gradient, divergence, curl.
• Line, surface, volume integrals; theorems.

Module 4: First-Order ODEs

• Exact, linear, Bernoulli equations.
• Applications.

Module 5: Higher-Order ODEs

• Linear with constant coefficients.
• Variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler.

Module 6: Series Solutions

• Power series method.
• Special functions (Legendre, Bessel).

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Data Structures and Algorithms

Definition: Data Structures and Algorithms teaches efficient data organization and algorithmic techniques for problem-solving with complexity analysis.

Module 1: Introduction

• Data structures overview.
• Algorithm analysis, asymptotic notation.

Module 2: Arrays and Linked Lists

• Arrays, operations.
• Singly, doubly, circular linked lists.

Module 3: Stacks and Queues

• Stack applications, expression evaluation.
• Queues, priority queues, deque.

Module 4: Trees

• Binary trees, traversals.
• Binary search trees, AVL trees.

Module 5: Graphs

• Representations, BFS, DFS.
• Shortest paths.

Module 6: Sorting and Searching

• Insertion, selection, bubble, merge, quick sort.
• Hashing.

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Digital Electronics

Definition: Digital Electronics covers logic gates, combinational/sequential circuits, and design of digital systems using Boolean algebra.

Module 1: Number Systems & Codes

• Binary, octal, hexadecimal.
• BCD, Gray, error detection codes.

Module 2: Boolean Algebra

• Laws, minimization (K-map, QM method).

Module 3: Combinational Circuits

• Adders, subtractors, multiplexers.
• Decoders, encoders.

Module 4: Sequential Circuits

• Flip-flops (SR, JK, D, T).
• Registers, counters.

Module 5: Memory & PLDs

• RAM, ROM.
• PLA, PAL.

Module 6: Logic Families

• TTL, CMOS.
• Interfacing.

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Economics for Engineers

Definition: Economics for Engineers introduces micro and macro economic concepts relevant to engineering decisions, including demand, cost, markets, and financial analysis.

Module 1: Introduction

• Micro and Macro Economics.
• Relationship between Science, Engineering, Technology and Economic Development.
• Production Possibility Curve.
• Nature of Economic Laws.

Module 2: Time Value of Money

• Concepts and application.
• Capital budgeting: Payback period, IRR, ARR, NPV, PI (with case studies).

Module 3: Demand

• Law of Demand.
• Elasticity of Demand: meaning, factors, practical application.
• Demand forecasting.

Module 4: Production and Costs

• Factors of production.
• Law of variable proportions, returns to scale.
• Economies and diseconomies of scale.
• Concepts of cost: accounting, opportunity, marginal.
• Break even analysis, Make or Buy decision.
• Relevance of Depreciation.

Module 5: Markets

• Types of market: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic, oligopoly.
• Supply and law of supply.
• Role of demand & supply in price determination.

Module 6: Indian Economy

• Nature and characteristics.
• Fiscal and monetary policy.
• LPG policy, Inflation, Sensex.
• GATT, WTO, IMF.
• Difference between Central bank and Commercial banks.

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