Fluid Mechanics
Definition: Fluid Mechanics studies the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion, including flow through pipes, boundary layers, and hydraulic machines.
Unit 1: Fluid Properties and Statics
- Fluid properties: density, viscosity, surface tension.
- Pressure measurement, Hydrostatic forces on surfaces.
- Buoyancy and stability of floating bodies.
Unit 2: Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid Flow
- Types of flow, Continuity equation.
- Bernoulli’s equation and its applications.
- Momentum equation, Flow measurement devices.
Unit 3: Viscous Flow
- Navier-Stokes equations.
- Flow between parallel plates, Couette flow.
- Pipe flow: Darcy-Weisbach equation, Moody chart.
Unit 4: Boundary Layer Theory
- Boundary layer development.
- Drag and lift on immersed bodies.
- Dimensional analysis and similitude.
Unit 5: Turbulent Flow
- Characteristics of turbulent flow.
- Turbulent pipe flow, Losses in pipes and fittings.
Unit 6: Hydraulic Machines
- Turbines: Pelton, Francis, Kaplan.
- Pumps: Centrifugal and reciprocating.
- Performance characteristics.